Medplexus

Appendicitis is an inflammation of vermiform Appendix. which  is blind intestinal diverticulum, about 2-20 cm in length (average 9cm), which is arises from posteromedial aspect of caecum where three tenia coli are collect. Position of appendix  Retrocaecal 65% pelvic  31% subcaecal 2% pre-ileal 1% post-ileal 0.4% Blood supply of appendix Arterial supply by appendicular artery, which is branch of ileocolic artery(ileocolic artery is branch of Right colic ,which arises from superior mesenteric  artery). Appendicular Vein drain blood from Appendix. The Appendicular Vein drain into ileocolic vein, which ultimately  drain into Right colic vein and superior mesenteric  vein respectively. Lymph drainage of appendix The lymphatics drain into one or two intermediate nodes lying in the mesoappendix that eventually drain into the superior mesenteric lymph nodes. Nerve supply to appendix Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve. Sympathetic nerve fibers originate in lower thoracic part of spinal c

A Hernia is the protrusion of an part or whole of the viscus through the abnormal  opening of abdominal  wall. Hernia of Abdominal Wall According to Anatomical location : Inguinal Hernia (Direct and Indirect) Femoral Midline Hernia Umbilical Hernia (Infantile, Adult, Omphalocele) Epigastric Lumbar According to etiology : Congenital Acquired According to Clinical presentation : Complete Incomplete Reducible Non reducible Traumatic Post Operative Complicated (Incarcerated and Strangulated) Non complicated Cause of Hernia weakness in Abdominal wall due to physical stress, Aging, injury or surgery Increase abdominal pressure due to pregnancy, excessive cough, constipation, overweight, Ascites, tumor etc. Congenital defect (failure of abdominal  wall to close properly) Epigastric Hernias It is more common in Men than Women. Epigastric Hernias occurs due to weakness or opening in muscle of upper Abdominal wall (Between Xiphoid process of sternum and umbilicus) Hiatal Hernia Hiatal Hernia is

Crohn's disease is a chronic, or long lasting inflammatory bowel disease, that causes inflammation, irritation or swelling in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Most commonly, Crohn's affects the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine. However, the disease can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus.  Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the GI tract, called inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).  Sites most commonly affected, in order of frequency, the terminal ileum, right colon, ileum, jejunum. Causes of Crohn’s disease Crohn's disease is caused by a combination of these factors:  Immune system Disregulation  Genetics  Environmental factors Clinical feature: Abdominal pain.-The pain often is described as cramping and intermittent, and the abdomen may be sore when touched. It may turn to a dull, constant ache as the condition gets worse.  Diarrhoea  Weight loss – may be due to patients staying away from food cause eati

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. In chronic hepatitis, liver inflammation continues for at least six months. This condition may be mild, causing relatively little damage, or more serious, causing many liver cells to be destroyed. Some cases lead to cirrhosis and liver failure.  V iruses are the most common cause of chronic hepatitis.Viruses that cause hepatitis include:  Hepatitis B and C.  Hepatitis D  Hepatitis B and C : These viruses cause two- thirds of all cases of chronic hepatitis. People infected with hepatitis C have the greatest risk of developing chronic hepatitis. Both of these viruses usually begin with mild symptoms. Over time, perhaps a decade or more, both may lead to the serious complication of cirrhosis due to ongoing destruction of liver cells and resultant scarring. A minority of patients with cirrhosis develop liver cancer over time.  Hepatitis D : Hepatitis D infects only patients already infected with hepatitis B, and it generally results in a flare of

 What is prostate cancer? The most common type of cancer in men and second most frequent cause of cancer-related death in men .  A malignant (cancerous) tumor that begins in the prostate gland  Some prostate cancers grow very slowly and may not cause problems for years  Prostate cancer is somewhat unusual in that many men with advanced cancer respond to treatment  What is prostate? The prostate is a walnut-sized gland located behind the base of the penis, in front of the rectum and below the bladder . It surrounds the urethra, the tube- like channel that carries urine and semen through the penis  The primary function of the prostate is to produce seminal fluid, the liquid in semen that protects, supports, and helps transport sperm. Risk Factor for prostate cancer 􏰀 Age Race/ethnicity 􏰀 Family history 􏰀  Diet Hormones  Prostate Cancer and Early Detection Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test  Digital rectal examination (DRE)  Discuss screening with your doctor  Symptoms of Pros