Medplexus

1) All the following are derivatives of ectoderm, EXCEPT: a)        Spinal cord. b)         Cortex of suprarenal gland . c)        Sensory ganglia of spinal nerves. d)        Pituitary gland. e)        Retina of eye. 2) Regarding oogenesis, all statements are correct, EXCEPT: a)        It starts during fetal life. b)        It is completed during puberty. c)        It continues till menopause. d)        Primary oocytes are formed after birth . e)        The second meiotic division is completed after fertilization. 3) Regarding spermatogenesis: a)        It starts before birth. b)       Primary spermatocytes have a haploid number of chromosomes. c)         Spermiogenesis is a process by which a spermatid is transformed into a mature sperm. d)        Spermiogenesis occurs in the fallopian (uterine) tube. e)        The first meiotic division is a reduction division by which a secondary spermatocyte divides into two spermatids. 4) All the followi

1. What type of tissue lines the bladder? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: e 2. What type of tissue lines most ducts? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: c 3. What type of epithelium is associated with goblet cells? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Pseudostratified epithelium Answer: c 4. What type of epithelial cells are as tall as they are wide? a. Simple b. Stratified c. Squamous d. Cuboidal e. Columnar Answer: d 5. What do you call the simple squamous epithelium that lines the blood vessels? a. Epithelioid tissue b. Mesothelium c. Endothelium d. Transitional e. Pseudostratified Answer: c 6. What cell type makes up the mucosa of the gallbladder?

1. What type of epithelium lines the trachea? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Pseudostratified epithelium Answer: e 2. What type of tissue lines blood vessels? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: a 3. What type of epithelium is more than one layer thick? a. Simple b. Stratified c. Squamous d. Cuboidal e. Columnar Answer: b 4. What do you call a tissue composed of a conglomeration of cells which are tightly packed together, yet which does not have a free surface? An example of such a tissue would be the parenchyma of the adrenal gland. a. Epithelioid tissue b. Mesothelium c. Endothelium d. Transitional e. Pseudostratified Answer: a 5. What type of epithelium appears stratified, but is not? a. Epithelioid tissue b. Mesothelium c. Endothelium d. Transitional e. Pseudostratif

1. What type of epithelium forms the epidermis? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Pseudostratified epithelium Answer: d 2. What type of tissue lines most of the gastrointestinal tract? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: c 3. What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Pseudostratified epithelium Answer: a 4. What type of epithelium is composed of flat cells? a. Simple b. Stratified c. Squamous d. Cuboidal e. Columnar Answer: c 5. What do you call the simple squamous epithelium that lines the abdominal cavity? a. Epithelioid tissue b. Mesothelium c. Endothelium d. Transitional e. Pseudostratified Answer: b 6. What type of epithelium is compos

1. What type of tissue composes the kidney tubules? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: b 2. What type of tissue lines the esophagus? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: d 3. What type of epithelium is one cell layer thick? a. Simple b. Stratified c. Squamous d. Cuboidal e. Columnar Answer: a 4. What type of epithelial cells are taller than they are wide? a. Simple b. Stratified c. Squamous d. Cuboidal e. Columnar Answer: e 5. What type of epithelium has dome shaped cells on the apical surface? a. Epithelioid tissue b. Mesothelium c. Endothelium d. Transitional e. Pseudostratified Answer: d 6. Which of the following is NOT lined by a serosa? a. Peritoneal cavity b. Pericardial cavity c. Pleural cavity d. Respiratory tract e. All of the above ar

1. What is the term for the process used by cells for the transport in of particulate matter? a. Endocytosis b. Exocytosis c. Pinocytosis d. Phagocytosis e. Active transport Answer: d 2. What is another term for the cytoplasm outside of organelles? a. Plasmalemma b. Glycocalyx c. Protoplasm d. Cristae e. Ground substance Answer: e 3. What is the a small clear space within a cell? a. Space of Disse b. Space of Mall c. Vacuole d. Lacuna e. Howship's lacuna Answer: c 4. Which of the following is NOT a membranous organelle? a. Lysosomes b. Peroxisomes c. Centrioles d. Mitochondria e. Endoplasmic reticulum Answer: c 5. What is the polysaccharide coating that is sometimes found on the cell membrane? a. Plasmalemma b. Glycocalyx c. Protoplasm d. Cristae e. Ground substance Answer: b 6. What process is nicknamed "cell drinking"? a. Endocytosis b. Exocytosis c. Pinocytosis d. Phagocytosis e. Active transport Answer: c 7. Which organelle is studded with ribosomes? a. Rough endoplas

1. What are the folds on the inner mitochodrial membrane called? a. Plasmalemma b. Glycocalyx c. Protoplasm d. Cristae e. Ground substance Answer: d 2. Which organelle is involved in lipid metabolism? a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. Lysosome d. Golgi apparatus e. Mitochondria Answer: b 3. Which organelle contains detoxifying enzymes? a. Ribosomes b. Peroxisome c. Microfilaments d. Centrioles e. Nucleoli Answer: b 4. Which of the following is NOT a membranous organelle? a. Microtubules b. Lysosomes c. Peroxisomes d. Mitochondria e. Endoplasmic reticulum Answer: a 5. What is the limiting membrane of a cell? a. Plasmalemma b. Glycocalyx c. Protoplasm d. Cristae e. Ground substance Answer: a 6. What is also called a low resistance junction? a. Tight junction b. Gap junction c. Junctional epithelium d. Junctional complex e. None of the above Answer: b 7. Which of the following is an organelle? a. Pigment b. Glycogen c. Lipid d. Secretory granules e. Mitocho

1. Which of the following is NOT a membranous organelle? a. Lysosomes b. Peroxisomes c. Mitochondria d. Ribosomes e. Endoplasmic reticulum Answer: d 2. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes? a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. Lysosome d. Golgi apparatus e. Mitochondria Answer: c 3. Which organelle is considered the powerhouse of the cell? a. Rough endoplasmic reticulum b. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum c. Lysosome d. Golgi apparatus e. Mitochondria Answer: e 4. What structure is at the base of cilia? a. Ribosomes b. Peroxisome c. Microfilaments d. Centrioles e. Nucleoli Answer: d 5. Which of the following is NOT considered an inclusion? a. Pigment b. Glycogen c. Lipid d. Secretory granules e. Mitochondria Answer: e 6. Collectively, what is the cytoplasm and nucleus called? a. Plasmalemma b. Glycocalyx c. Protoplasm d. Cristae e. Ground substance Answer: c 7. How thick is the plasma membrane? a. 8-10 angstroms b. 8-10 nanometers c. 8-10 micrometers d. 8

This occur 12 to 15 times per minute and consists of three phase: Inspiration expiration pause Inspitation : When the capacity of thoracic cavity is increased by simultaneously contraction of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm, the parietal pleura moves with the walls of the thorax and diaphragm. The reduces the pressure in pleural cavity to a level considerably lower than atmospheric pressure. The visceral pleura follows the parietal pleura pulling the lungs with it. this stretches the lungs and the pressure within the alveoli and in the air passage falls, drawing air  into the lungs in an attempt to equalize the atmospheric and alveolar air pressures. The process of inspiration is ACTIVE, as it requires expenditure of energy for muscle contraction. The negative pressure created in the thoracic cavity aids venous return to the Heart and is known as the respiratory pump. Expiration: Relaxation of intercostal muscle and the the diaphragm results in downward and inward movement of

The surface of the lung is covered by a serous membrane, the visceral pleura, which extends into the fissures. At the hilum, the visceral pleura turns back on itself and forms the parietal pleura, which adheres to the mediastinum, superior surface of the diaphragm, and inner surface of the rib cage  An extension of the parietal pleura, the pulmonary ligament, extends from the base of each lung to the diaphragm. The space between the parietal and visceral pleurae is called the pleural cavity. The two membranes are normally separated only by a film of slippery pleural fluid; thus, the pleural cavity is only a potential space, meaning there is normally no room between the membranes, but under pathological conditions this space can fill with air or liquid. The pleurae and pleural fluid have three functions: 1. Reduction of friction. Pleural fluid acts as a lubricant that enables the lungs to expand and contract with minimal friction. In some forms of pleurisy, the pleurae are dry and infla

The Lungs T he lungs are paired, cone-shaped organs that occupy the thoracic cavity except for the mediastinum, a central area that contains the primary bronchi, the heart, and other organs. The right lung has three lobes, and the left lung has two lobes, allowing room for the heart whose apex points left. A lobe is further divided into lobules, and each lobule has a bronchiole serving many alveoli. The apex is the superior narrow portion of a lung, and the base is the inferior broad portion that curves to fit the dome-shaped diaphragm, the muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. The lateral surfaces of the lungs follow the contours of the ribs in the thoracic cavity. Each lung is enclosed by a double layer of serous membrane called the pleura. The visceral pleura adheres to the surface of the lung, while the parietal pleura lines the thoracic cavity. The pleura produces a lubricating serous fluid that allows its two layers to slide against one another. Sur

The lung has a spongy parenchyma containing the bronchial tree, a highly branched system of air tubes extending from the primary bronchus to about 65,000 terminal bronchioles. Two primary bronchi arise from the trachea at the level of the angle of the sternum. Each continues for 2 to 3 cm and enters the hilum of its respective lung. The right bronchus is slightly wider and more vertical than the left; conse- quently, aspirated (inhaled) foreign objects lodge in the right bronchus more often than in the left. Like the trachea, the primary bronchi are supported by C -shaped hya- line cartilages. All divisions of the bronchial tree also have a substantial amount of elastic connective tissue, which is important in expelling air from the lungs. After entering the hilum, the primary bronchus branches into one secondary  bronchus for each pulmonary lobe. Thus, there are two secondary bronchi in the left lung and three in the right. Each secondary bronchus divides into tertiary  bronchi—10 in