Hepatolineal syndrome (hepatic and splenic syndrome) is a enlargement of liver and spleen due various pathological process.
Hepatomegaly
By ultrasound, midclavicular line averages 10-12.5 cm in craniocaudal length.
a liver that is longer than 15.5 cm in the midclavicular line is considered enlarged
Spleen : Normally not palpable. spleen is about 11cm in length, 7cm in width and 4cm in depth. CT spleen index 11x7x4 = 308(160-440)
Splenomegaly - Mild , moderate, massive
Mild - Just palpable (1-3cm)
Moderate - b/w costal margin and Umbilicus (4-8 cm)
Massive - Beyond Umbilicus, across mid line into pelvis (>8cm)
Cause of Hepatomegaly are :
- Infectious -Hepatitis all type , Malaria, kala-azar, Echinococcous , actinomycosis
- Granulomatous - TB, Sarcoidosis
- Tumor -Multiple myeloma, Lymphoma , Hemangioma
- Congenital - CHD , Hepatic vein thrombosis
- Infiltrative - NASH , Hemochromatosis, amyloidosis , Gaucher/Niemann-pick disease
Cause of Splenomegaly are :
- Infectious -TB , Malaria, Syphilis , kala-azar, Hydatid, Bacterial endocarditis
- Malignancies - leukemias, Lymphomas , angiosarcoma, myelofibrosis
- Infiltrative - amyloidosis , Gaucher/Niemann-pick disease
- Impaired blood flow - Cirrhosis, Thrombosis/ Obstruction
