Hepatolineal syndrome

Hepatolineal syndrome (hepatic and splenic syndrome) is a enlargement of liver and spleen due various pathological process.

Hepatomegaly
By ultrasound, midclavicular line averages 10-12.5 cm in craniocaudal length.
 a liver that is longer than 15.5 cm in the midclavicular line is considered enlarged
Hepatomegaly

Spleen : Normally not palpable. spleen is about 11cm in length, 7cm in width and 4cm in depth. CT spleen index 11x7x4 = 308(160-440)

Splenomegaly - Mild , moderate, massive
Mild - Just palpable (1-3cm)
Moderate  -  b/w  costal margin and Umbilicus (4-8 cm)
Massive - Beyond Umbilicus, across mid line into pelvis (>8cm)
splenomegaly

Cause of Hepatomegaly are : 
    • Infectious -Hepatitis all type , Malaria, kala-azar, Echinococcous  , actinomycosis
    • Granulomatous - TB, Sarcoidosis
    • Tumor -Multiple myeloma, Lymphoma , Hemangioma
    • Congenital - CHD , Hepatic vein thrombosis
    • Infiltrative - NASH , Hemochromatosis, amyloidosis , Gaucher/Niemann-pick disease

Cause of Splenomegaly are : 
    • Infectious -TB , Malaria, Syphilis  , kala-azar, Hydatid, Bacterial endocarditis
    • Malignancies - leukemias, Lymphomas , angiosarcoma, myelofibrosis
    • Infiltrative - amyloidosis ,  Gaucher/Niemann-pick disease
    • Impaired blood flow - Cirrhosis, Thrombosis/ Obstruction



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